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He aha te take e tūhau ana ai te pūmpu hāngai?
Ko te tōtoko kaha o ngā pūmanawa hīhiko kei roto i ngā pūnaha hīhiko he take noa engari he uaua ki te whakahaere i te tiaki mātauranga. Kāore anō nei tēnei tōtoko kaha e hāngai ana ki te raru, engari ka tere ake hoki te wareware i ngā waeonga, ka pāwhara, ā, i ngā take matata, ka arangitia pea ngā waeonga hīhiko, ka pā ki te haumātauranga me te uauatanga o te whakaputa. E kore e raruraru te tōtoko o ngā pūmanawa kei ngā wāhi hangarau, ā, kāore e tika ana te pā ki tana kino. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mārama ai ki ngā take o te tōtoko kaha o ngā pūmanawa, me te whakatika tūmatawhānui mō ngā inijiniere pūnaha hīhiko me ngā kaimahi tiaki mātauranga. I raro nei, ka tirohia mātou i ngā take o te tōtoko kaha o ngā pūmanawa mai i te āhuatanga matua matua, i te hononga atu ki ngā whakamahinga mataora o ngā pūmanawa karaka, ngā pūmanawa paipa, me ngā pūmanawa porotiti
- Te uru mai o te hau me te nohoanga kavitāhia
Ina tāwhai ana te hau ki tētahi pūnaha hydrauhi, ka iti ake te kore whakawhitinga o te hinu hydrauhi, e mātau ana hoki te hanga kaviti me ngā takirua pakanga kāore i te rite i te wā o te mahi a te karu hydrauhi. Ko te kavitī hei reo mō te parerā o ngā piko i hangaia ki te hinu ina uru ana ki tētahi rohe toki nui, ā, āhua pakanga noa ai. Kāore anō te kavitī e whakaputangia ana i te karu e hāngai ana ki te rūpahu, engari ko te whakakorikori i ngā mata o te metara, e waiho ana i ngā ruwai rāwekenga pērā i te pungapunga, e piki ake ai te rū me te kino o te taputapu. Ko ngā ara mō te urunga mai o te hau: te rere o te raina huinga hinu, te iti o te taumata hinu ki te tiná hinu hydrauhi, kāore te mutunga o te raina hoki-hinu i raro i te mata o te hinu, me te karekau o te herema o te tiná karu. Ina heke te whakamātauranga o te tiná karu ingoa me te takotoranga, ina whakapau te wā, ka tāwhai hau. Ko ngā karu peka, nā te iti ake o tōna uaua ake i ngā karu ingoa (matapōuri ake ngā karu peka iti), me matato tonu ki te huinga māmā o te hinu me te herema kírehi. Ko ngā karu porowhita hoki e wehi ana i te urunga hau ki te taha huinga i ngā tikanga mahi nui; ina uru hau, ka aronga te horapa hinu, ā, pea ka aronga ki te pānga kavitī nui me te rū. Nō reira, he mea matua herekau te pupuri i te herema pai me te taumata hinu tika ki te pūnaha hydrauhi. Mēnā kei te whakapono koe ki te kavitī, ka taea te whakatau mā te reo me te karu toki: mēnā ka nekeneke te toki karu i te raru tino raru i te tēpu \"sandy\", e tohu ana i te kavitī e hāngai ana ki te huinga kino o te hinu, me tirotiro tūturu te wāhi huinga karu me te kauwhata kia kore ai te herekau, kia kore ai te rere hau.
- Uaua te whakauru o te hinu me ngā tikanga mahi e kore e tika.
Ko te whakahaerenga kore tika o ngā pūmpa hāngai e arataki ana ki te riri nui, e rua ngā take noa ko te pūmpa e kore e ākaki ai i te hinu mōhio, me te mahi i runga i te taraweti. Ina hekeke te tere o te pūmpa hāngai, kāore pea te tāwhai hinu e āhua ana ki te tere o te wehe hinu, ka hua ai te itinga o te tāwhai hinu, ka hua ai te paku pakaru ki te wāhi tāwhai i te pūmpa, ā, ka tāwhaihia e ngā aukati toharite, ā, ka mutu ki te riri nui o te pūmpa. Mā te whakamārama anō, mēnā ka karangia te pūmpa tino tere engari e kore e ākaki ai i te hinu, ka karangia kau ana, ā, ka hua ai te riri. He tino pono tēnei mō ngā pūmpa karu: i te wā o te mahi tere, mēnā kāore te tāwhai hinu i taimana, ka pāpaku haere te takotoranga hiko ki roto i te whare herehere karu, ka hua ai te piki tere o te toharite, ā, ka tū ake te paku pakaru, ka hua ai te riri nui, ā, te tangi. Mō tēnei take, e tuanui ana ngā kōpae whakakī i te hanganga o ngā pūmpa karu hei whakamauritanga i te pānga e hua mai ana i te karu e here ana i te hinu. Ko tētahi atu take ko te mahi taraweti o te pūnaha hāngai, kei te mahi te pūmpa mō taima roa i runga ake i te toharite hoahoa, i te rere, ka hua ai te pānga kore tika ki ngā wāhanga o roto, ā, ka hua ai te riri katoa o te taputapu. Ina huri tere te pūmpa pouaka i raro i te toharite tikanga, i te rere tikanga, mēnā kāore te mahi tāwhai e āhua ana, ka hua anō hoki te "wehe pouaka wai", ka hua ai te pānga riri nui. Anō hoki, ko ngā huringa o te wera hinu hāngai, o te uira hoki e hāngai ana ki te mahi tāwhai hinu: ko te uira iti o te hinu i ngā wera iti e piki ake ai te here o te tāwhai hinu, e pīrangi ana te pūmpa kia tāwhai i te hinu mōhio i te wā; mēnā he māmā te hinu i ngā wera tikanga, ka hua ai te parahau (te parahau māmā o te hinu). Ka tū katoa ēnei e pīrangi ana te pūmpa kia tāwhai hinu, ā, ka hua ai te riri. I te pūtaiao pūmahara, me āki ai i ngā pūmpa kia kaua e mahi mō taima roa i runga ake i te tere inoi, i te taraweti rānei. Mēnā e hiahiatia ana, ka iti ake te tere, ka rerekē rānei te tuku hinu, me tiakina hoki te wera o te hinu hāngai kia tika. I ngā pūnaha pūmpa rākau, pūmpa pouaka hoki, ka whakaurua i ētahi wā ngā pūmpa tuku hinu āwhina, ngā kaitiaki rānei kia āki ai i te hiahia tāwhai hinu o te pūmpa i te wā o te mahi tere, kia āki ai i te riri e hua mai ana i te itinga o te tuku hinu.
- Te ngota o te hinu me ngā āhuatanga māharahara.
Ko te nui ake, neke atu rānei te mātotoru o te hinu hīhiko e āwhina ana i ngā takirua kino ki te mahi o te pampi hīhiko. Ina nui ake te mātotoru (hei tauira ka tīmata i ngā whakamātauranga īmōhi, i te whakamahi i te hinu me te aratau mātotoru), ka nui ake te herekanga rere o te hinu, kāore hoki te tōaitanga o te pampi e rere tika ana, e āwhina ana i te wāhi paraihe pūmau e ai ki te cavitation me ngā takirua. I te taunga whakauru, ko te iti ake o te mātotoru (hei tauira ka nui ake te w temperature o te hinu, i te whakamahi i te hinu anuanu) e āwhina ana i te mātotoru o te mātotoru kia iti ake, ka nui ake te herekanga roto o te pampi, ā, ka hua ai te iti ake o te whakapakari i ngā wae, ā, ka hua ai te wear me ngā takirua kino. Nō reira, me whiriwhiri i te hinu hīhiko e ōrite ana ki te taumata mātotoru e hāngai ana ki te taiao mahi o te taputapu, me te whakarite kia noho roa te haumarutanga o te pūnaha. Ko te horapa o te hinu he mea matua nui hoki mō te arataki pai o te pampi. Ka tino whakapakari ake te wear o te pampi ngā kirihou, ā, ka taea hoki e ia te whakapōkai i ngā wae e neke ana, ā, ka hua ai ngā takirua me ngā raru. He iti noa te wāhi tuku mā te pampi vane, nō reira he nui ake te āhua ki te kirihou; Ki te kore pea ngā papaku e uru ai te nuinga o ngā rerekētanga, ka hua ai te pressure output o te pampi e kore e tika ana me ngā takirua. Mēnā he pārura rānei pērā i ngā paraihe rino kei roto i te pampi tarau, ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i ngā mata tarau, te tarau e here ana, ā, ka hua ai ngā raru me ngā takirua e rite ana ki te ngau tarau i te wā e mahi ana. Ko te pampi plunger te mea e hiahiatia ana kia horapa ake te hinu, ā, ko ngā pārura iti anoo ka tere ake te wear o te plunger me te pōro pūpahi, ā, ka hua ai ngā takirua o te pressure me ngā raru. Ka tino iti ake ngā raru mō te horapa o te hinu hīhiko. Ko te whakakapi i ngā waehanga tātari i ia wā, ko te tirotiro i te kounga o te hinu kia kaua ai te mātotoru e hara, kia kaua hoki te kirihou e nui ake, ko ngā mahi tonu mō ngā kaimahi tiaki taputapu.
- Tāpoi me ngā take pūtaha:
Ko te whakauru me ngā āhuatanga hanganga o roto o ngā pūmpa waiararo he kainenga hoki mō te tōkiri kaha. Tuatahi, ko te whakauru kore tika. Mēnā kāore te raukawa arawhata o te pūmpa waiararo i te whakarāranga tika ki te aksis motuka, i te kounga whakauru rānei, ka hua mai ngā pēhitanga mekanihiko me ngā kaha tāwairua i te wā e whakaputa ana te pūmpa, ka hua ai te riringa pakaru o te takotoranga. Kua whakaatu ētahi take takotoranga mōhio kua kitea tētahi itinga whakarerekē o te aksis e pāngia ana te pūmpa e te toka i te whakatakoto haere kaha, ā, ka pāngia ai ngā pūpahi me te wearu o ngā pāpori. I te wā e whakauru tika ana, me whakamahi i tētahi kounga hei whakarāranga i te aksis, me te pangia i te takotoranga o te pūmpa. Ki te hiahoitanga, tāpirihia ētahi pene tiaki i te riringa. Tuarua, ko te hanga, te wearu rānei o ngā wae pū o roto o te pūmpa pea te take matua o te riringa. Hei tauira, ko ngā pūmpa karu kua pakaru te tika o ngā karu, te itinga o ngā karu, i te wearu o ngā pāpori rānei e uru ana ki te whakarereketanga o te mahi, ā, ka hua mai te riringa me te rū haruru. E aki ana te pūmpa karu anō ia ia ki te koretake o te kaha tūponotia, e hua ana i ngā uta takirua ki ngā pāpori me te takotoranga, ā, e māmā ake ai te tōkiri mēnā kua hoahoa, kua whakauruhia rānei kore tika. Mēnā e iti ana te wearu o te mata o roto o te stator, i te iti rawa o te kaha o ngā rākau rānei i te pūmpa rākau, ka hua pea i te kaha kore ōrite ki ngā rākau, ā, ka hua ai te riringa i te whakatakoto haere. Ko te pūmpa pāwaru kei te nuinga o ngā wae pū e noho ana haere ki te tere kaha. Mēnā e iti ana ētahi pāwaru, ētahi pāpahu rānei, ka hua ai te pānga me te putangitangi o te rere, ā, ka kitea ai hei riringa katoa. Anō hoki, ko ngā torikawa parurenga o te pūmpa me te ara waiararo, ko te iti rawa o te kaha o te takotoranga tautoko, e whakapakari ana i ngā riringa iti i te wā e mahi tika ana, ā, ka hua ai te "tōkiri kaha" e kitea ana ki te karu tuwhera. Nō reira, i te wā e tikanga ana i te taputapu, me tirotiro te ahua o ngā kounga, ngā wae parurenga, me ngā wae pū o roto o te pūmpa, me te whakatika, whakakapi rānei tūtata i ngā wae e raru ana.
Whakaaro mātaihinahina
Mō te take o ngā tōkiri hauārangi e taraweti ana taraweti, ka tukuna e ngā mātaihinahina ngā whakaaroa e whai ake nei hei ārahi:
Tirohia i te wā pea mō te kāwhe me te rere awhara: Ki te raru kei te paku noho, ki te pakaru rānei te karu tōmuri i te pēhanga, ko te mea tuatahi ki te tiro he aha te take, arā anō te herehere o te waewae tōmuri, te paraihe tōmuri, te rahi o te inu taiapa i te pouaka, me te waewae hoki. Ko te wehe atu i ngā tūponotanga rere awhara e mōhiotia ai ngā taraweti o te tōkiri hauārangi. Mēnā e hiahiatia ana, whakapai ake i te pēhanga inu taiapa ki te pātene (hei tauira, tāuta tētahi tōkiri inu taiapa, nui ake rānei i te taha o te pouaka) kia kaua ai te kāwhe.
Whakahaere tika i ngā arataki whakahaere: arataki ki ngā whakaritenga tere me te toki e pa ana ki te pūmpu hīhiko, kaua e whakauru i te whakahaere roa i runga ake i te tere me te uara. Mō ngā pūmpu e iti ana te āhua o te tana ake tana wai, pērā i ngā pūmpu karaihe, me warmaupia te māhinī tru ngā mahi iti i ngā putake iti kia iti ake te pātiki o te hinu i mua i te mahi ki te uara katoa kia kore ai e rerekē te taraiwa e uru ai te hinu. I tētahi punaha anō pūmpu, ka taea te whakauru i tētahi kohinga paralell hei whakapumautia i te rerekētanga toki me te whakaiti i te pānga o ngā mahi tere ki te pūmpu.
Tīpakia te hinu e tika ana, ka whakahaere tonu: Tīpakia te hinu hydrauwhi me te rahi e tika ana i runga i tekau mā wātea o waho kia kaua ai te hinu te iti ranei, nui ranei te rereketanga, e hinga ai pea ki te tōmuri me te whakapakari ake i te pūmpu. Whakakapi, whakarerekē rānei i te hinu mōhio kia pakari tonu te noho. Ina heke ana ki ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana ngā pūmpu vane me ngā pūmpu plunger, me whakatinana tōtika te kaupapa herehere me te whakakapi hinu kia kaua ngā mea kino te uru mai ka hua ai ngā hapa takirua.
Tirohia te whakauru me te tikanga o ngā wae: Whakawātea kia pīrangi te pūmpu hāngai me te porowhita mōhinahina, kia ū te whakauru i te hononga, ā, whakapakari tō rourou i ngā toto me ngā tautoko puehu. Mēnā kitea he wareware tōkai, i roto i te pūmpu, ka tika te whakatika, te whakakapi rānei i ngā wae. Mō ngā pūmpu karu, ka taea te tiro i te wareware o ngā karu me ngā papa herehere; Tirohia mō te pūmpu parirau, mō te tōaitanga o te parirau me te papa tū; Mō ngā pūmpu pouaka, me mataara te wareware o te pouaka, ngā karuweka e hīkoi ana, me te paparinga. Me whakamātau te taputapu takotoranga take, mai i waho ki roto, mai i te māma ki te uaua, kia tūhono ai ki ngā raru i te tīmatanga, kia aukati ai i ngā take i mua i te hinga.
Mai i te tātari ake, ka kitea tēnei "he aha ngā pūmpu hīora kei te tōkangia kaha" e kore nei he nuinga e kore e mōhiotia. Ko te whakaputanga puipui, te pānga ki te hīrau i te hinu, ngā tikanga mahi e kore e tika, ngā raru o te hinu, me ngā āhuatanga whakauru māhinā ko ngā take noa. Mō ngā kaimahi i te ao hīora, he mea matua tika te mōhio ki ēnei kaupapa, me te tango i ngā aronga whakamātau kia iti ai te raru o te pūmpu karu, kia roa ake te ora o te taputapu, kia pumau, kia uaua te mahi a ngā pūnaha hīora. Kāwhai tonu te paku tōkangia o te pūmpu hīora, heoi anō te whakarārangirangi i ngā wāhi ake nei hei whakarāpopototanga i te raru o te taputapu. E mātua whakapono ana mātou ka āwhina ia koe kia tūhono anō i te take, kia tino whai rongo, kia whakatika hoki i te raru.